Which diseases are commonly associated with droplet precautions?

• A. Influenza and pertussis
• B. Measles and varicella
• C. MRSA and C. difficile
• D. Tuberculosis and measles

Answer: (A)

Droplet precautions target infections spread by larger respiratory droplets that travel only short distances, usually within about 3 feet, when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Because the droplets are large, they don’t stay suspended in the air for long, so protection focuses on close-range transmission. Influenza and pertussis are classic examples of diseases that are transmitted this way, so they’re commonly managed with droplet precautions. In practice, this means using a surgical mask for caregivers who are within close proximity, and having the patient wear a mask when outside the room; a standard private room is typically sufficient.

By contrast, measles and varicella spread via smaller particles that can linger in the air and require airborne precautions; MRSA and C. difficile spread mainly through contact and require contact precautions; and tuberculosis also requires airborne precautions.